Quarkgenesis™ | Seesaw Mechanism of Quark and Antiquark

Quarkgenesis™: The Hidden Key to the Universe’s Matter Dominance

For decades, scientists have explored why our universe is dominated by matter instead of antimatter. While theories like baryogenesis and leptogenesis attempt to explain this imbalance, one potential missing piece remains unexplored: Quarkgenesis™. Could there have been a primordial process that generated an excess of quarks over antiquarks before baryogenesis? Let’s dive into this fascinating concept and compare it with other known asymmetry-generating processes.

Baryogenesis – The process that creates an excess of baryons (protons and neutrons) over antibaryons. Since baryons are made of quarks, baryogenesis essentially involves quark asymmetry at some level.

Leptogenesis – The process that generates an excess of leptons over antileptons, often connected to the generation of neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism.

Electrogenesis™ – While not commonly used, this could theoretically refer to an excess of charged particles (e.g., electrons) over their antiparticles.

Neutrinogenesis™ – The process of generating an asymmetry in neutrinos, which may be linked to leptogenesis.

Axionogenesis – A mechanism involving axions that could contribute to dark matter or CP violation in the early universe.

What is Quarkgenesis™?

Quarkgenesis™ is the hypothetical process in the early universe that created a surplus of quarks over antiquarks, preceding baryogenesis. This would have laid the foundation for the formation of baryons (protons and neutrons), ensuring a matter-dominated universe.

For such an asymmetry to arise, Quarkgenesis™ must meet the Sakharov conditions:

1. Baryon Number Violation (ΔB ≠ 0) — If quarks were produced asymmetrically, there must have been interactions that favored quarks over antiquarks.
2. C and CP Violation — Some fundamental interactions must have broken charge-parity (CP) symmetry to allow more quarks than antiquarks to exist.
3. Departure from Thermal Equilibrium — The universe had to be in a non-equilibrium state where these processes could favor matter over antimatter.

How Does Quarkgenesis™ Compare to Other Particle Asymmetry Processes?

To better understand Quarkgenesis™, let’s compare it to other known or hypothesized asymmetry generation processes:

While baryogenesis and leptogenesis are widely discussed in physics, Quarkgenesis™ could fill an important gap, explaining the earliest emergence of quark asymmetry.

Is Quarkgenesis™ Already Contained in Baryogenesis?

Quarkgenesis is typically considered a part of baryogenesis, rather than a separate process. In most standard cosmological models, quark-antiquark asymmetry is not treated as an independent event but rather as a step within baryogenesis. However, distinguishing Quarkgenesis™ as a separate stage could provide new insights into early universe physics.

How Quarkgenesis Fits Inside Baryogenesis

1. Quark Formation in the Early Universe
   • In the first 10^{-12} seconds after the Big Bang, the universe was in a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) state, where free quarks and gluons existed.
   • Any fundamental asymmetry in quarks vs. antiquarks would have emerged during this phase.
   • However, in conventional models, any quark-antiquark imbalance is absorbed into baryogenesis without distinguishing a separate “quarkgenesis” step.
2. Transition to Baryons (Baryogenesis)
   • As the universe cooled (~10−610^{-6}10−6 seconds), quarks combined into baryons (e.g., protons, neutrons).
   • CP-violating processes during this phase ensured that more baryons formed than antibaryons.
   • The observed baryon asymmetry today is a direct consequence of quark asymmetry, if it existed.

Why Distinguish Quarkgenesis™?

Although conventional physics treats quark asymmetry as part of baryogenesis, there are reasons why Quarkgenesis™ could be considered a distinct event:

1. Theoretical Independence from Baryons
   • If an early CP-violating process favored quarks before they formed baryons, this would suggest an independent quarkgenesis stage.
   • This could happen in GUT (Grand Unified Theory) models, where quarks and leptons originated from the same unified force.
2. Experimental Implications
   • Baryogenesis is usually studied indirectly through proton decay and high-energy physics experiments.
   • If quark asymmetry existed before baryogenesis, it might leave distinct traces in QGP experiments at LHC or RHIC.
3. Beyond Standard Model Physics (Chark Hypothesis)
   • If new particles like “Charks” (Charged Heavy Quark-like Particles) existed, they could have driven Quarkgenesis™ before baryogenesis.
   • This would mean that the matter-antimatter imbalance started at the quark level before reaching the baryon level.

Conclusion: Is Quarkgenesis™ Separate or Just a Step in Baryogenesis?

✔ In Standard Models: Quark asymmetry is part of baryogenesis, and there is no need for a separate “quarkgenesis” stage.
✔ In New Physics Models: If quarks had an independent asymmetry mechanism before forming baryons, Quarkgenesis™ could be a distinct event worth investigating.

Future Research: Experiments in high-energy QCD and collider physics might help distinguish if quark asymmetry was fundamental or just a step in baryogenesis.

Could the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) Be the Key?

The Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), which existed in the first microseconds after the Big Bang, is a state where quarks and gluons moved freely before they became bound into protons and neutrons.

If Quarkgenesis™ took place, the QGP phase would have been a crucial stage for CP-violating processes to establish quark asymmetry. Modern heavy-ion collider experiments (LHC, RHIC) attempt to recreate QGP conditions, searching for hints of unknown CP-violating effects.

If Quarkgenesis™ is real, it would:

• Provide an earlier explanation for matter asymmetry, preceding baryogenesis.
• Predict testable CP-violating effects in high-energy physics experiments.
• Open doors to new physics, including possible exotic particles like Charks.

While current physics does not yet confirm Quarkgenesis™, future experiments in high-energy QCD, heavy-ion collisions, and neutrino physics may provide the evidence we need.

Could Quarkgenesis™ be the missing link in our understanding of the universe’s matter dominance? Stay tuned for the discoveries of the next generation of particle physics!